當(dāng)我們確定了總的裝機(jī)規(guī)模，接下來(lái)就需要確認(rèn)單機(jī)功率。比如面對(duì)一個(gè)總?cè)萘?MW的項(xiàng)目時(shí)，該用1臺(tái)3MW，還是2臺(tái)1.5MW，還是3臺(tái)1MW，或者6臺(tái)0.5MW？
When we have determined the total installed scale, we need to confirm the single-machine power. For example, when facing a project with a total capacity of 3MW, should we use one 3MW, two 1.5MW, three 1MW, or six 0.5MW?
這個(gè)問(wèn)題實(shí)際上答案并不是的，作為用戶，需要考慮的是投資成本和收益，作為供貨商，需要考慮的是如何把自己的產(chǎn)品推出去，兩者有時(shí)并不統(tǒng)一，而且用戶有時(shí)也需要考慮一些技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)以外的因素。這里老劉撇開(kāi)其他不相干的，只討論技術(shù)問(wèn)題。
In fact, the answer is not the only one. As a user, we need to consider the cost and benefit of investment. As a supplier, we need to consider how to launch our products. Sometimes the two are not uniform, and users sometimes need to consider factors other than technology and economy. Lao Liu here leaves aside other irrelevant issues and only discusses technical issues.
發(fā)電機(jī)組的單機(jī)功率越小、臺(tái)數(shù)越多，運(yùn)行起來(lái)越靈活，應(yīng)對(duì)特殊情況的能力越強(qiáng)。但相應(yīng)的，運(yùn)維工作越復(fù)雜，造價(jià)也可能會(huì)上升。
The smaller the power of a single generator and the larger the number of units, the more flexible the operation and the stronger the ability to deal with special situations. But correspondingly, the more complex the operation and maintenance work is, the higher the cost may be.
機(jī)組選型時(shí)需要考慮的意外情況有兩種：一是當(dāng)沼氣產(chǎn)量不足（厭氧發(fā)酵系統(tǒng)剛啟動(dòng)、原料不足、工藝出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題等），發(fā)電機(jī)不能滿發(fā)，二是有發(fā)電機(jī)出現(xiàn)故障（或保養(yǎng)）需要停機(jī)，沼氣面臨浪費(fèi)。
There are two kinds of unexpected situations to be considered in unit selection: first, when the methane production is insufficient (the anaerobic fermentation system has just started, the raw material is insufficient, the process is problematic, etc.), the generator can not be full-blown; second, when the generator fails (or maintains), the generator needs to be shut down, and the methane is facing waste.
應(yīng)對(duì)沼氣產(chǎn)量不足方案是采用多臺(tái)裝機(jī)，當(dāng)氣量不足時(shí)，可以停掉部分機(jī)組，提高運(yùn)行效率，減少運(yùn)維成本，有的項(xiàng)目甚從一開(kāi)始就可以考慮分批上的方案。
The plan to deal with the shortage of biogas production is to install multiple units. When the gas quantity is insufficient, some units can be shut down, the operation efficiency can be improved, and the operation and maintenance cost can be reduced. Some projects can even consider the plan in batches from the beginning.
應(yīng)對(duì)發(fā)電機(jī)故障的方案是合理配置儲(chǔ)氣罐和發(fā)電機(jī)組單機(jī)容量。沼氣發(fā)電規(guī)范中對(duì)于儲(chǔ)氣罐的規(guī)定是“沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組連續(xù)運(yùn)行時(shí)，儲(chǔ)氣裝置容量應(yīng)按照運(yùn)行機(jī)組總額定功率大于2h的用氣量設(shè)計(jì)”。
The scheme to deal with generator faults is to rationally allocate the capacity of gas storage tank and generator unit. The regulation of gas storage tank in the code of biogas power generation is that "the capacity of gas storage device should be designed according to the consumption of gas whose total rated power is greater than 2 hours when the biogas generating unit is running continuously".
較大的沼氣發(fā)電項(xiàng)目常見(jiàn)規(guī)模為2-4MW左右，儲(chǔ)氣罐多見(jiàn)2000-5000m3左右，儲(chǔ)罐越大，應(yīng)對(duì)波動(dòng)能力越強(qiáng)。在穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行時(shí)，氣量一般保持在50%-60%上下。計(jì)算下來(lái)，3000m3的儲(chǔ)罐，可以接受1MW機(jī)組3-5小時(shí)的停機(jī)時(shí)間，一般的小故障夠處理掉了。
The larger the biogas power generation project, the larger the storage tank, the stronger the ability to deal with fluctuations. In stable operation, the gas volume is generally maintained at about 50%0%. Calculated, 3000 m3 storage tank, can accept the -W unit 3-5 hours of downtime, general small fault enough to deal with.
前面的公式里還提到一個(gè)裝機(jī)余量k，一般取值為1.08~1.20。這個(gè)裝機(jī)余量的目的之一就是略微加大裝機(jī)容量，增加運(yùn)行的靈活性，即使某臺(tái)發(fā)電機(jī)組出現(xiàn)較嚴(yán)重的故障，一時(shí)無(wú)法運(yùn)行，也可以有后備容量頂上，不會(huì)造成太大的浪費(fèi)。同時(shí)，日常運(yùn)行時(shí)讓機(jī)組有余量，稍微降載運(yùn)行，故障率也會(huì)降低。
The previous formula also mentions an installed margin k, which is generally 1.08-1.20. One of the purposes of this installed margin is to slightly increase the installed capacity and increase the flexibility of operation. Even if a generator unit has a serious fault and can not run for a while, it can also have a backup capacity on top, which will not cause too much waste. At the same time, the daily operation allows the unit to have margin, slightly reduced load operation, the failure rate will also be reduced.
根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，沼氣發(fā)電項(xiàng)目的裝機(jī)數(shù)量一般控制在2-4臺(tái)左右。以總裝機(jī)3MW為例，2臺(tái)1.5MW，3臺(tái)1MW都是合理地方案，如果成本允許，3臺(tái)1.2MW，甚4臺(tái)0.8MW都是可以接受的，終的選擇要綜合項(xiàng)目其他因素，如造價(jià)、發(fā)電效率、老板的意見(jiàn)來(lái)確定。
According to experience, the installed number of biogas power generation projects is generally controlled at about 2-4 units. Taking 3MW as an example, 2 1.5MW, 3 1MW are reasonable schemes. If cost permits, 3 1.2MW, or even 4 0.8MW are acceptable. The final choice should be determined by combining other factors of the project, such as cost, power generation efficiency and the views of the owner.
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2019-05-08
